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Heart disease: types, causes, treatment methods, and disease control :

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 Heart disease :

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of death and is considered the biggest killer in societies, and its spread is not limited to the affluent groups in society, but the poor and disadvantaged groups have become suffering from these diseases as a result of several environmental, social and nutritional factors. Cardiovascular diseases include a group of diseases, the most important of which is coronary heart disease, which is a lack of blood circulation in certain areas of the heart muscle, and this can be in the form of a pectoral slaughter or a myocardial infarction, and there is cerebrovascular disease, which is a lack of blood circulation in the brain and its first manifestation In the form of loss of consciousness or a stroke. All of these types of cardiovascular diseases are caused by atherosclerosis.

The arteries are the blood vessels that carry blood from the heart to the other organs of the body and they always carry pure, oxygenated blood except for the pulmonary artery, which carries the deoxygenated blood to the lungs to purify it, and the heart pumps blood into the arteries under great pressure. Therefore, the arteries are strong-walled tubes reinforced with rubber and muscle fibers. Flexible, constriction and relaxation of the arteries plays the primary role in regulating blood pressure and distributing blood to the various organs of the body. When the artery loses its elasticity and becomes rigid, its diastole and contraction with each heartbeat is not satisfactory, as these hardened arteries cannot increase the amount of blood that They are tolerated in the event of increased activity or the work of one of the body parts and thus a failure in blood circulation.

Usually, a heart attack occurs when a gradual sedimentation is carried out on the inner lining of the artery, thus an increase in the thickness and roughness of this layer occurs and fatty substances are deposited in an uneven manner along the length of the artery, which leads to the formation of sporadic jelly pieces and thus the inner lining of the artery loses its smoothness and smoothness and narrows the artery sector that contains On this slapping due to its protrusion inside its course. Angina pectoris occurs as a result of the inability of the coronary arteries to increase the amount of blood needed to the heart muscle, due to the narrowing or contraction of one or more coronary arteries, and then the patient feels tightness in the chest or pain in the area of ​​the rib cage and this pain may spread to the shoulders and arms and increase with Excessive effort, which forces the patient to stop making this effort or walking for a short period of time, and this pain will gradually disappear and may last for half a minute to about a quarter of an hour, and the repetition of these symptoms with their severity may be an indication of a stroke.

 As for a heart attack or a heart infarction, it results when a complete blockage occurs in one of the coronary arteries, which leads to the failure of blood to reach the part that is fed by this artery from the heart, and it occurs in this affected part of the so-called infarction and these often happen suddenly Without previous introductions, the symptoms of a stroke are similar to those of angina, but in the first they are severe and the pain may last for several hours and it does not disappear spontaneously except rarely.

Factors contributing to the occurrence of heart disease :

  - Eating fats and cholesterol: There is general agreement that increased intake of fats, especially animal origin, plays an important role in cardiovascular disease, and there are two types of fats, the first can be called fats that contribute to atherosclerosis and the other may be protective against it, and it is believed that saturated fats are responsible. Especially for increased blood cholesterol. Saturated fats are found in animal foods such as butter and ghee. There are common animal sources of saturated fats such as egg yolks, cream, cheese, ice cream, dairy products, and red meats. Some vegetable oils contain a high percentage of these fats, which are palm oil and coconut oil. As for unsaturated fats, it is believed that they are not dangerous but rather help reduce the risk of heart attacks when consumed in moderation.

And cholesterol is one of the most fatty substances that are related to heart disease, and cholesterol An important part of the components of the cell wall and it is made in the liver and is involved in the synthesis of some important hormones, and the food intake is not the main source of cholesterol, but the body can manufacture it, and there are two types of cholesterol, the harmful cholesterol as its deposition in the arteries leads to narrowing and hardening of the arteries, and the beneficial cholesterol and this is done By transferring cholesterol from the arteries and elsewhere to the liver, where it is disposed of, and this helps remove some of the fatty coating inside the arteries, thus reducing the chance of developing their hardening.

- High blood pressure (hypertension): High blood pressure leads to an increase in the effort made by the heart to pump blood to the human body, and the arteries, in turn, increase their resistance to withstanding the increase in the force of the blood rush and this process negatively affects the heart and arteries and its continuation leads to an enlarged heart And the narrowing of the small arteries as a result of the thickening of the walls of these arteries and their loss of elasticity. In addition, high blood pressure helps the deposition of fats and some other substances on the inner walls of the arteries, which leads to their narrowing.

  - Diabetes: Diabetes is an important risk factor for coronary heart disease, and studies in some Arab countries indicate that the proportion of people with diabetes is high among patients with heart disease when compared to other patients. Sugar helps to speed up hardening and narrowing of the course of veins and arteries in the extremities, which leads to disruption of circulation in them, and this narrowing contributes to the accumulation of fats on the walls of arteries, causing occasional blockage, and complications of diabetes as well as high blood pressure.

 - Smoking: It has been clearly confirmed that the risk of coronary heart disease is 70% higher among smokers than people who do not smoke, and smoking reduces the amount of oxygen in the blood, forcing the heart to work more. The carbon monoxide present in cigarette smoke damages the walls of blood vessels from the inside, making them rough that fatty deposits can accumulate on them, and besides, the toxins in the smoke make red blood cells stick to each other forming clumps that cannot pass in the smallest vessels, which reduces Practically from the amount of blood and oxygen in the body, the nicotine present in cigarettes increases the speed of the heartbeat and the muscles become more in need of oxygen, which is less in smokers. The degree of risk to the heart and the circulatory system is directly related to the number of cigarettes a person smokes per day, the number of years in which he smokes, and whether or not he draws smoke into the body.

  - Sports or physical activity: Studies show that exercise helps stimulate blood circulation, and it has also been found that it helps the growth of new blood capillaries in the various muscles of the body, including the heart muscle, which increases the amount of blood flowing to this muscle, which is evident in its importance in particular for affected persons Narrowing of the coronary arteries, as the growth of new capillaries around the affected artery compensates for some of the decrease in the amount of blood nourishing the heart muscle, and doing exercise also helps to reduce the amount of fat in the blood and the body, and these exercises lead to a decrease in the level of harmful cholesterol in the blood and an increase in the level of beneficial cholesterol .

 - Obesity: The relationship between obesity and heart disease is still unclear. Studies conducted in many countries have given conflicting results. There are studies that found obesity is a risk factor for heart disease, while other studies did not find such a relationship. It is believed that obesity affects heart disease indirectly, as it is associated with high blood pressure, diabetes, and increased accumulation of fats in the body, and these pathological symptoms are considered important risk factors for coronary heart disease.

- Age, gender and ethnicity: It is known that the risk of heart disease increases with age, but the risk is lower for women who have not yet reached menopause (the so-called menopause) than for men, and after menopause the risk is almost equal with men. Several studies indicate that the death rate from heart disease is twice as high as 3 times for men compared to women (especially before the age of fifty).

The incidence of coronary heart disease varies for people of ethnic origin. For example, it has been found that individuals of Asian origin living in Britain are more likely to have coronary heart disease than whites. This matter should not be confused with the risk of developing heart disease associated with cultural roots, for example, a Japanese who lives in Japan is less likely to have this disease than an American, but if this Japanese moves to the United States of America and relies on the diet and lifestyle prevalent there, then the possibility of contracting a disease The heart may be larger than a person who has lived their entire life in the United States.

- Lack of eating foods rich in dietary fiber and fish: In general, it was found that increasing the intake of vegetables, fruits and legumes helps to reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood, and this may be due to the low intake of fats and meats for these individuals. As for fish, it has been found that fish oil, called omega-3, helps reduce the chance of blood clotting, and this may help reduce the risk of heart disease.

- Heredity: Some studies have indicated that there are families who inherit heart attacks, especially if the affected person is a first-degree relative (father or mother) and was infected before the age of sixty. It was also found that there are families that have a genetic predisposition to high cholesterol and fats in the blood, and these may be more at risk of developing heart disease if other supporting risk factors are available with them.

Primary foundations for disease prevention and control :

- You must maintain the appropriate weight for height by following a diet in case of obesity.

- Reduce the intake of salty foods as much as possible, such as pickles and spices, and reduce the use of salt in food.

 - Reduce your intake of foods rich in fat, especially of animal origin. These are found in whole milk, dairy products, red meat, chicken skin, and some local sweets .

- Use vegetable oils in cooking instead of animal fat and the best oils .Vegetable olive oil, corn oil and sunflower oil. Do not use palm oil or coconut oil because they contain saturated fats.

-Try to eat more fish instead of meat and chicken.

 -Try to eat more fresh fruits and vegetables and other rich foods With natural fibers like brown bread and green corn flakes from whole grains.

 - Abstain from drinking alcoholic beverages.

- Abstain from smoking and try not to mix with people who smoke, as exposure to their smoke may pose the same risk as smoking.

- Reduce your intake of sugary items and sweets as much as possible so that they do not contribute to weight gain.

- Start doing light exercise regularly 3 to 4 times a week, for about a quarter to half an hour each time.