Diabetes _ What is diabetes and ways to prevent it
diabetic :
Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease characterized by an increase in the level of blood sugar, and there are two types of diabetes type I, which is diabetes that depends on insulin (a hormone secreted by the pancreas to help the representation of sugar in the body) that requires insulin therapy and usually affects young people And teenagers. Most of these sufferers whose bodies cannot produce sufficient amounts of insulin and thus become dependent on insulin throughout their lives. The second type is diabetes that does not depend on insulin and does not require treatment with insulin and usually occurs after the age of forty and often in people who do not appear to be this type. It is directly related to nutritional factors, and diet is used in its treatment and sometimes insulin is used in addition to die
The symptoms of the disease are summarized by extreme thirst, which causes severe dehydration of the various body tissues, which thus become thirsty for water .The patient has increased diuresis in an abnormal way, and urine is excreted in large quantities, and this is accompanied by a feeling of fatigue, lack of the continent and physical competence with inactivity and a clear lack of weight, although the appetite for food is Normal 0 and temporary dullness may occur in one of the eyes and numbness in the extremities, especially in the fingers, and sometimes this numbness extends to feeling pain in the joints. These symptoms may not appear in type 2 diabetes patients, and the disease is often discovered by chance when doing a comprehensive medical examination or doing blood tests for other health purposes
Disease complications :
The big problem with diabetes is its complications, whether on the health of the person or the material waste of health authorities to treat the disease. There is a wide range of complications that afflict diabetic patients who neglect treatment. The severity of these symptoms varies among patients according to several factors such as age, the degree of disease progression, and the treatment methods used. It is known that long-term complications of diabetes are high blood pressure, blindness, kidney pelvic infections, kidney failure (kidney failure), nerve damage, especially the eye nerves, the male reproductive system and the extremities, and an increased risk of congenital malformation in children of mothers with diabetes and finally early death.
Factors contributing to the occurrence of the disease
Genetics: Genetic factors play an important role in either dependent or non-insulin dependent diabetes. In general, people from families who have had diabetes are more likely to suffer from this disease. The following factors indicate a higher risk An individual with non-insulin dependent diabetes, being a close relative of non-insulin depende diabetes, being a member of a family with a strong family history of this condition, or having fathered a child weighing more than 4 kg, or being from a group Ethnicity is widespread among them diabetes. Or to be overweight, or a woman taking oral contraceptives.
Age and gender: In most developed industrialized countries the incidence of diabetes increases gradually during adult life, and the incidence and prevalence are usually highest in advanced age. However, these typical relationships may change due to environmental conditions. In societies where obesity is common, we find that the incidence is much higher in the fourth and fifth decades than in the years. In societies that do not suffer from a lack of foodstuffs, we usually find diabetes more common among women than among men, and in general, the disease is more frequent among people who have exceeded forty years, especially among females. Repetition of pregnancy: It is widely believed that pregnancy increases the risk of diabetes, and although the disease is often detected during pregnancy, most evidence suggests that repeated pregnancy and childbirth are not a risk factor leading to diabetes.
Obesity: This second type of diabetes is associated with obesity more often, and it is believed that obesity occurs resistance to the action of insulin and this may be due to several factors, including increased fat accumulation in the body, an increase in energy intake, composition of food, especially technical food with fat and lack of physical activity. Studies show that obese people with fat accumulation in the upper part of the body are more likely to have diabetes than those who accumulate fat in the lower extremities. It can be said in general that diabetes is common among all obese population groups that do not engage in physical activity, and it is rare to find it among the thin, regardless of their gender.
Rapid change in lifestyle and food: Recent studies have shown that societies that have had a rapid change in lifestyle and food in these two patterns are more likely to develop diabetes. It has been shown that the prevalence of this disease among these societies may exceed those in societies. The main reason for this phenomenon is not known yet, but it is believed that the improvement in the standard of living, the increase in the length of life, the improvement in nutrition and the control of infectious diseases contributed to the increase in the spread of diabetes in this country.
Lack of physical activity: Lack of physical activity appears to be an important risk factor for the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes, as knocking out exercise may affect the interaction between insulin and its receptors.
Infections: Epidemiological studies indicate that viral infections play a role in type 1 diabetes, and among these infections are rubella and mumps virus.
Alcoholic beverages: Alcoholic beverages can indirectly increase the risk of developing diabetes by causing acute, chronic, or recurring pancreatitis. And by increasing obesity and by causing cirrhosis (hepatic diabetes).
Nutritional imbalance: The lack of fiber in food has previously been linked to the prevalence of diabetes, but this depends on many factors and it is difficult to link between fiber intake and low blood sugar. Likewise, the existence of a relationship between the consumption of sucrose and the prevalence of diabetes has not been confirmed yet in studies in human societies.
Drugs and hormones: There are many drugs and hormones that affect the metabolism of carbohydrates, among them some diuretic drugs and contraceptives that are taken orally.
Pancreatic disorders: Inflammatory and neoplastic disorders of the pancreatic gland, as well as partial or total pancreatic resection, lead to absolute insulin deficiency and thus to diabetes.
Primary foundations for disease prevention and control :
Eat 5 to 6 small meals a day instead of two or three large meals. This is important for people with insulin-dependent diabetes.
The heat energy intake must be proportional to the ideal weight of the body. If the patient is obese, he must follow a special diet to lose weight.
Reduce your fat intake so that it does not exceed 30% of the total caloric energy. The food should be low in cholesterol and low in saturated fat.
Eat protein-rich foods in moderation.
Reducing the intake of foods containing processed sugars and relying on sugars of natural origin as well as those found in fruits, vegetables and grains.
Reduce your intake of demanding foods and the use of salt in food.
Eat foods rich in natural fibers that help reduce blood sugar, such as vegetables, whole grains and wheat bran.
Exercise regularly, such as walking and light jogging, for a quarter to half an hour a day, at a rate of times a week, which helps reduce the need for insulin.
Refrain from drinking alcoholic beverages.
If you smoke, stop smoking and be careful not to mix with smokers.
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